Kumbh Mela left its trash behind
The year began with the Maha Kumbh festivities near the confluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers in Allahabad. Pollution levels rose alarmingly at the Sangam in Allahabad where more than a 100 million people took the 'holy dip' during the 55 day long festival. Even as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh delivered a lecture at Harvard University on the success of the once-in-12-year-event, the city struggled to come back to normal after the festivities were over.
Water pollution from industries in Punjab one of the main causes of cancer
A State-commissioned study early last year showed that Punjab is among the the worst performing states in the country when it comes to checking water pollution. It is also among the worst defaulters in the country with at least seven grossly polluting industrial units dumping their toxic waste directly into rivers and lakes. Another survey conducted around the same time found that the incidence of cancer in Punjab is higher than the accepted national and the international average. Many studies attributed this trend to industrialisation, lifestyle changes, population growth, higher life-spans and the rampant use of pesticide, insecticide, chemicals and heavy metals.
Draft for a National Water Policy revised following opposition from the States
Almost all the States raised their opposition to the draft National Water Policy in the beginning of the year. The Draft gave more priority to industry over agriculture and emphasized on treating water as an economic good. According to the States' Chief Ministers, 'Water' was a State subject under the Constitution and the States have exclusive power of legislation on the subject. A revised draft was brought out later in July.
Maharashtra faced worst drought in 30 years
Construction of large dams, water intensive cropping patterns, neglect of local water systems and poor water management were blamed for this unprecedented situation. The drought brought back into focus the multi-crore irrigation scam on which a Special Investigation team is working now. According to the findings of an Economic Survey, though Rs 70,000 crore had been spent on various projects in the last decade, the State’s irrigation potential increased by only 0.1%.
Only 20 out of 423 cities scored well on sanitation
Nothing changed on the ground yet on Western Ghats issue
Only 8% of India's population still into farming
Flash floods ravaged Uttarakhand
not to approve any more hydropower projects in Uttarakhand as dams in the in the fragile Himalayan region contributed to the disaster. The apex court has also asked the Ministry to set up a committee to examine if the existing or under-construction hydropower projects contributed to environment degradation in the Himalayan state. Meanwhile, the pro-dam lobby claimed that the Tehri dam prevented damage in downstream areas of Rishikesh and Haridwar. This was contested by environment activists.
Countrywide ban on sand mining
The National Green Tribunal reiterated an earlier ban by the Ministry of Enviroment and Forests on sand mining or the removal of sand from river banks without environment clearance from the state or Central ministries and license from a competent authority. The order came in the wake of the suspension of an IAS officer from Uttar Pradesh who took strict action against illegal sand mining. Removal of minerals from the river beds causes serious threat to the flow of the river and forests on the river bank. However, the NGT was turned down in December by the new Environment Minister Veerappa Moily, who lifted the ban on mining of minor minerals within the range of five hectares. No digging without Environment Ministry's permission: NGT
One and a half months after the ban on sand mining, the National Green Tribunal issued ban on digging of earth for bricks and road construction without prior environmental clearance. This order, like the last one, comes in the case of Uttar Pradesh. The Tribunal issued notices to the State Government regarding a plea to stop extraction of earth for making bricks and roads. As per the plea, earth digging in UP continued in violation of the Supreme Court decision as well as the Ministry's directions to all the states.
Amended land acquisition bill passed
The Parliament passed the Land Acquisition (Rehabilitation and Resettlement) Bill in September, albeit with amendments. The new amendment said that social impact assessment of a project for which land needs to be acquired, will not apply to irrigation projects like dams and canals. Apart from this, while a minimum of one acre of land will be alloted to people displaced from farmlands, this provision will not apply to irrigation projects.
Two cyclones in a row hit the eastern coast of the country while a third one hit with reduced severity
Phailin, projected to be bigger in magnitude than the 1999 Odisha cyclone, waned without causing much damage to human lives. An efficient early warning system and mass evacuation drive in the states of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal helped save more than a million lives. The cyclone, however, caused huge infrastructural destruction, affecting 90 lakh homes and paddy crop worth Rs. 2400 crore. The second to hit the coastline was cyclone Helen, which destroyed the standing crop in Andhra Pradesh. Helen, which hit the Machilipatnam coast in Krishna district in mid-November, killed seven people and destroyed paddy worth Rs 5000 crore. As per initial estimates, three lakh acres of rice were destroyed in East and West Godavari districts.
The third in line, cyclone Lehar, was expected to hit the Andhra Pradesh coast but it weakened considerably before forming a depression in the sea and crossing the coastline. Lehar, predicted to be as severe as Phailin with a wind speed of 200 kms per hour, crossed the coastline at 30-40 kms per hour only. According to scientists, winds blowing from central India, the low temperature of water near the coast and other climatic conditions resulted in Lehar weakening.
India and China signed accord on trans-border rivers
The two countries signed an agreement to facilitate exchange of flood data and addressed India's fears on dams on the Brahamputra. Under the agreement, the Chinese side will provide flood data of the Brahmaputra river from May to October instead of from June to October as per the previous agreements. India was concerned over China's plans to construct more dams upstream of the Brahamputra, which could restrict the flows of the Himalayan river flowing from Tibet. China, however, assured India that its dams are run-of-the-river (RoR) projects that are not designed to hold water.