Kanchi Kohli is a researcher, writer and campaigner working on environment, forest and biodiversity governance in India and their interface with trade and industrialisation. In her recently co-edited book--Business Interests and the Environmental Crisis written in the premise of the current development discourse--she says that at present, the understanding of development not only threatens to commodify nature, but also value nature and its resources in economic terms by viewing them as products with costs assigned to them.
How do laws and regulations in India and international dialogues and conventions define the current development and environmental issues? What are the alternative voices and arguments against these? How are the solutions reached and what could be the cost of these business-led, mechanical solutions to the current environmental crisis? Who benefits from these solutions? What are the ethical, legal dilemmas that need redressal? The book dwells on these pertinent questions and argues that these business-led solutions could in fact destroy the ecology and threaten the survival of local, marginalised communities who depend on the environment for survival and play a role in preserving it.
Kanchi Kohli talks to the India Water Portal and shares her thoughts on the book.
The above principles have distinctly influenced policies and laws. Most responses to the crises are in the form of defining rights, compensating or offsetting damages as well as managing the impacts of land-use change. Emphasis on precautionary principle for the conservation of livelihoods or protection of nature is rarely visible in national laws or international conventions.
There isn’t a clear backlash. As the book discusses, many practitioners have tried to engage with the current policy frameworks to make them participatory, fair and equitable. For several people engaged in policy matters, this is the interim alternative. There are processes, which do try and break out of viewing nature as a resource, but when they try and upscale or expand the effort, they end up having to engage with the same legal and policy structures.
The word 'sustainable' is slippery. It can mean different things to different entities. It will surely be sustainable for businesses and the governments who could continue to be part of the problem as well as the solution. For those dependent on nature for livelihoods and everyday living, however, this could end up in different ways. People with clearly defined rights, trade acumen and political networks might be able to make financial gains. Whether nature will (or will be allowed to) be conserved for the future generations, remains to be seen.
Find a detailed review of the book here