The year began with the Maha Kumbh festivities near the confluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers in Allahabad. Pollution levels rose alarmingly at the Sangam in Allahabad where more than a 100 million people took the 'holy dip' during the 55 day long festival. Even as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh delivered a lecture at Harvard University on the success of the once-in-12-year-event, the city struggled to come back to normal after the festivities were over.
A State-commissioned study early last year showed that Punjab is among the the worst performing states in the country when it comes to checking water pollution. It is also among the worst defaulters in the country with at least seven grossly polluting industrial units dumping their toxic waste directly into rivers and lakes. Another survey conducted around the same time found that the incidence of cancer in Punjab is higher than the accepted national and the international average. Many studies attributed this trend to industrialisation, lifestyle changes, population growth, higher life-spans and the rampant use of pesticide, insecticide, chemicals and heavy metals.
Almost all the States raised their opposition to the draft National Water Policy in the beginning of the year. The Draft gave more priority to industry over agriculture and emphasized on treating water as an economic good. According to the States' Chief Ministers, 'Water' was a State subject under the Constitution and the States have exclusive power of legislation on the subject. A revised draft was brought out later in July.
Construction of large dams, water intensive cropping patterns, neglect of local water systems and poor water management were blamed for this unprecedented situation. The drought brought back into focus the multi-crore irrigation scam on which a Special Investigation team is working now. According to the findings of an Economic Survey, though Rs 70,000 crore had been spent on various projects in the last decade, the State’s irrigation potential increased by only 0.1%.
The second to hit the coastline was cyclone Helen, which destroyed the standing crop in Andhra Pradesh. Helen, which hit the Machilipatnam coast in Krishna district in mid-November, killed seven people and destroyed paddy worth Rs 5000 crore. As per initial estimates, three lakh acres of rice were destroyed in East and West Godavari districts.
The third in line, cyclone Lehar, was expected to hit the Andhra Pradesh coast but it weakened considerably before forming a depression in the sea and crossing the coastline. Lehar, predicted to be as severe as Phailin with a wind speed of 200 kms per hour, crossed the coastline at 30-40 kms per hour only. According to scientists, winds blowing from central India, the low temperature of water near the coast and other climatic conditions resulted in Lehar weakening.